(JRIT) English Issue 

Submission Guide for Authors JRIT publishes original contributions of research papers, reviews, brief reports, com mentaries, and other categories of academic articles. 

Style and Policy Guide 

• Cover Letter and Signatures
• Format Requirements
• Article Structure
• References
• Tables
• Figures
• Abbreviations
• Deadline of Submission 

Cover Letter and Signatures

All manuscripts should be accompanied by a cover letter with the following infor mation: 

• The title of the paper.
• First and last names of all contributing authors.
• Title and present position
• A statement that the material is original and that the material has not and will not be submitted for publication elsewhere so long as it is under consideration by the JRIT. 
• Signatures of all contributing authors. 

Format Requirements 

• Papers submitted should follow the article structure.
• The footnote should be in Time New Roman 10 point type, single space. The text should be in Times New Roman 12 point type, fully double-spaced, leaving a margin of 1 inch on all sides. Also double-space table and figure legends, tabular material and references. The paper should be between 8-10 pages.
• Number all pages consecutively, starting with the title page.
• The paper should be submitted to the Editorial Board in three copies and an electronic file as a text file (e.g. doc).
• Figures should be numbered and stored in separate files with legends included in the main text file.

Article Structure 

Each article should contain the following:

• Title
• Short title for page headings
• Authors and their affiliations
• A concise abstract (not more than 300 words)
• Key words Main text divided into sections e.g. Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion
• References (of all articles cited in the text)
• Table and Figure captions (numbered in sequence as they appear in the text)

Abstract 

The abstract should be concise and informative, not more than 300 words. It should not only indicate the general scope of the article but also state the main results and conclusions. 

Ethical Guidelines 

Experimental investigation papers must state in the Material and Methods section that
1) informed consent was obtained from all human adult participants and from parents or legal guardians of minors, including the name of the appropriate institutional review board having approved the project; 2) the maintenance and care of experimental ani mals complying with the Thai National Institutes of Health guidelines for the humane use of laboratory animals or equivalent country authority or agency; 3) the approval of the relevant ethical committee. 

References

References in the text are listed according to the Harvard style (not by number), i.e. by giving the names of authors, the year of publication and page numbers.

All references to the literature cited must be given in alphabetical order at the end of the article, and each reference should contain the following elements. 

Format

All authors must be listed; never use “et al.” . Authors are indicated by their last names followed by a space and their initial(s). Authors’ names are separated by com mas only. The year of publication follows the final name, preceded by a comma. There is a space after the colon before the page numbers. The page numbers are written out completely: 472-476. Consult Index Medicus for the correct abbreviation of the journal cited.

Examples: Articles: 

Chotivanich, K.T., Udomsangpetch, R., Mcgready, R. and Newton P., White NJ, 2002. Central Role of the spleen in malaria parasite clearance. J Infect Dis, 185: 1538-1541. 

Books:

Olive EA, 1995. Lymphatic Filariasis Infection and Disease. London: Academic Press, 129-131.

Chapter: 

Migasena, Panata, 1982. Liver flukes: Relationship to dietary habits and development program in Thailand. In: Adverse Effects of Foods. Patrice Jellife EF, Jelliffe DB, eds. Pleunum Publishing Company, 307-312. 

Tables 

Tables should be numbered and referred to in the text by their numbers. Table captions should be brief, with descriptions of experimental detail given directly be neath, in parentheses. Column headings should, wherever possible, be in lower-case type, and the units of measurement and any numerical factors should be placed at the head of each column. Units should be contained within parentheses, e.g. distance (cm). 

Figures

JRIT (Journal of the Royal Institute) requires figures in electronic format. Images fall into one of these two categories:

• Bitmap images (e.g. photographs, scans)
• Line art: Composed of lines, fills and text (e.g. histograms, line drawings) 

Figure Permissions

Figures from other sources should be fully acknowledged in the caption and writ ten permission sought for both print and electronic reproduction before being used. 

Abbreviations

Abbreviations should be given in full at the first mention. In the list of references, widely recognized abbreviations for journals should be used. If in doubt, give the full title of the journal. 

Address for Submission 

The Royal Institute, Sanam Suea Pa, Dusit, Bangkok 10300, Thailand. Tel: 02356 0466-70 ext. 3015, 4018, 5020:02356 0477, e-mail: rijournal@royin.go.th 

Download

¹Agricultural Technology Programme, Faculty of Science, 
Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
²Apiculture Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, 
Xiangshan, 100093, Beijing , China
³Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 
Bangkok,10330, Thailand
⁴Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University,
Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
⁵School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand

Abstract 

China has the world’s largest apiculture products as well as the highest consumption of bee products. Since the 1980s, propolis has become one of the most important honeybee products in China. Currently, propolis is one of the fastest growing honeybee products, with demand for outstripping supply. 

With increasing consumption of propolis products, propolis research has also seen significant expansion. We present here an overview of different methods of extracting raw propolis, along with contemporary research on the functions of propolis, such as its anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumour and anti-cell toxin, activities softening blood vessels, improvement in blood microcirculation, enhanced immunity, anaesthetization and promotion of tissue regeneration. The past decade has witnessed a tremendous boom in the use of propolis in health care products and folk medicine for treating diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and some cancers, in China. It is also widely applied in animal husbandry, plant protec tion, and food industry. The new Chinese Pharmacology has included propolis in its descriptions of Apitherapy medical applications. 

A number of propolis products in Chinese markets are also reviewed, such as propolis tablets, propolis oral membrane, propolis honey, propolis tincture, propolis dental liquid and toothpaste, propolis spray and ointment. We also review propolis cosmetics, such as soap, body cream, and skin care products.

Key words: propolis, bee products, apitherapy

Download

¹Associate Fellow of the Royal Institute, Academy of Science.
²“Environmental Engineering and Management,
Asian Institute of Technology, 
Pathumthani.
³Department of Civil & Environmental System Engineering, 
Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.

Abstract 

Global warming is a serious environmental problem worldwide. Thailand has been affected by global warming through severe flooding and drought, resulting in negative impact on health and development. Efforts to minimize greenhouse gas (GHGs) emission have been undertaken by several sectors, especially those involved with energy utilization and environmental control. This study evaluated the performance of aste-To-Energy (WTE) project located in northeast Thailand which, through a Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), treats about 7,000 m per day of tapioca processing wastewater with an Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR). The ABR could reduce chemical oxygen demand of tapioca processing wastewater by more than 90% and the methane gas generated of 50,000 – 80,000 mo per day was used to replace approximately eight million litres per year of heavy fuel oil required to supply about 20,000 MWh per year of electricity into the grid. In addition, the WTE project results in certified emission reductions (CERs) of 300,000 tonnes Co, equivalent per year. At the 2008 CERs rate of Euro10 per tonne CO, equivalent, this would bring in additional income of 3,000,000 Euro or about 120 million baht per year. Another study evaluated the performance of the other WTE facility of the Rayong municipality, eastern Thailand, where about 20 tonnes of municipal solid wastes per day are treated by anaerobic digestion. The meth ane gas produced from this treatment is fed to a co-generator to produce about 3,360 MWh of electricity per year. From an environmental perspective, this WTE facility was able to reduce GHGs emission of 7,150 tonnes Co, equivalent per year. The above case studies demonstrated the effectiveness of WTE facilities in minimizing GHGs emission and their performances were found to be environmentally, economically and socially sustainable.

Key words: Global warming, Greenhouse gases (GHGs), Clean

Download

Fellow of the Royal Institute, Academy of Science. 
Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy Research Unit, 
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, 

Abstract 

Two species of the genus Hemiorchis Kurz (Zingiberaceae), H. burmanica Kurz and H. rhodorrhachis K. Schum., are enumerated for Thailand. Descriptions and illustrations of both taxa are given. 

Key words: Hemiorchis Kurz, Thailand, H. burmanica Kurz, H. rhodorrhachis  K. Schum. 

Download

¹Fellow of The Royal Institute, Academy of Science.
²Department of Physiology, King Chulalongkorn 
Memorial Hospital, Bangkok.

Abstract 

Chronic kidney disease is underrecognized worldwide. This is mainly due to the lack of sensitivity of present diagnostic markers in common medical practice, such as serum creatinine, and microalbuminuria which usually detect late stage chronic kidney disease (actual creatinine clearance less than 60 ml/min/1.73m²) but are unable to screen for early stage chronic kidney disease (actual creatinine clearance over 60 ml/min/1.73m²)  insensitiveness of the present diagnostic markers unrecognizes the pres ence of underlying early stage of chronic kidney disease, and usually allow the dis eased stage to slowly progress towards late stage, without any appropriate therapeutic intervention. It is very unfortunate for the patient to generally receive treatment at the late stage of chronic kidney disease, since it has recently been demonstrated that the hanism of vascular repair is markedly impaired at the late stage. Therefore, it is not surprising to realize the progressive increment in number of chronic kidney disease patients entering end-stage renal disease, which is a growing public health threat. 

In contrast to the present therapeutic failure observed in late stage chronic kidney disease, we have recently demonstrated that the mechanism of vascular repair for renal regeneration appears to function (adequately) at the early stage of chronic kidney disease. Treatment initiated at the early stage of chronic kidney disease can improve renal perfusion, with clinical impact on the restoration of renal function, since integrity of renal structure and function is modulated by renal perfusion. 

In accordance with the preceding information, a new therapeutic paradigm to effectively prevent end-stage renal disease can be implemented by (1) all physicians to discard the old conceptual view attached to low sensitivity diagnostic markers, and to treatment at late stage of chronic kidney disease, and change to a new therapeutic paradigm at the early stage of chronic kidney disease by using a new sensitive diagnostic marker such as fractional excretion of magnesium (FE Mg) (2) appropriate treatment to improve renal perfusion by correcting the hemodynamic maladjustment which is the crucial determinant inducing renal disease progression, 

Key words: chronic kidney disease, vascular repair, renai regeneration, hemodynamic 

Download

Fellow of The Royal Institute, Academy of Science.
Director of Queen Sirikit Centre for Breast Cancer
King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital.

Abstract 

Two very broad areas in medicine are the art and science. Discussions over the years have polarized these two major subjects. This article attempts to amalgamate the salient views and to establish a general cohesive approach in medicine. 

Key words: Art and Science in Medicine 

Download

Associate Fellow of the Royal Institute, Academy of Moral and Political Sciences.
Head, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Faculty of Liberal Arts, Asian University.

Abstract 

The paper discusses children and their problems, particularly focusing on the problem of maternal deprivation, when it manifests itself in the form of child neglect and the less evident problems associated with children who live with their mother but still face the problem of maternal deprivation. 

Children who face problems of maternal deprivation may be helped by govern ment and non-governmental organizations. In Thailand, the assistance for children facing the problem of maternal deprivation has been addressed but should be further supported by social institutions, the government and non-government organizations. 

Key words: maternal deprivation, children and family, problems of children and family 

Download

Fellow of The Royal Institute, (Private Law.) 
Academy of Moral and Political Scienees.

Abstract 

Since the Copyright Act B.E. 2521, replacing the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works Act B.E. 2474, became the out-of-date legislation and was unable to solve any problems arising from the copyright protection, for instance, the distinction of computer programme work and the exclusive right in relation to letting of audio visual work, the new copyright law, which is the Copyright Act B.E. 2537, has been enacted in order to make it more justifiable as a copyright law for the perfect protection of copyright. This new copyright law will be useful to enhance the creativity of Thai people in the future. 

The substantial amendment of some provisions in the Copyright Act B.E. 2537 is to stipulate the protection of computer programme under the meaning of literary work and the use of copyright work deriving from special circumstances, to clarify the na tures and principles of the protection for each copyright work, and to modify both economic and moral rights of the owner and the author, legal measures and penalties in regard to the infringement of copyright as well as principles of international copyright. 

Key words: Copyright, Copyright work, Protection of copyright, Exception from copyright 

Download

Associate Fellow of the Royal Institute, Academy of Moral and Political Sciences.

Abstract 

All of us know the value of time. Time has many levels of meaning: spiritual, material, mythological, and more. If one can grasp its true meaning and make full use of it, one can attain the salvation of the soul. 

Key words: time and soul 

Download

Associate Fellow of the Royal Institute, Academy of Moral and Political Sciences.
Associate Professor, Department of History, Faculty of Humanities and
Social Sciences, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University.

Abstract 

This paper deals with the management of forests in northern Thailand in the early eighteenth century, using insights gleaned from ancient palm-leaf texts from the Lan Na kingdom. The palm-leaf texts consist of traditional laws, royal dictates, local chronicles and religious texts. These sources will be examined to help the reader understand the ways the state and the people made use of the forest resources in the past. According to the palm-leaf texts, forests were classified into six types: 1) forest as sources of food, usually located near the village. 2) forest as places for the guardian spirits to whom the villagers offer an annual sacrifice. 3) forest as a source of rivers. 4) state forest from which the king and the nobility had the right to collect resources. 5) wild tea forest located on the high mountains which belongs to the villagers who reside at the foot of the hill. 6) forest as a site of cemeteries located on the outskirts of the village or town. 

Key words: Palm-leaf texts, Lan Na, King’s reserved trees, Forest classification 

Download